Impact of Urbanization on Inflows and Water Quality of Rawal Lake

Muhammad Awais; Muhammad Afzal; Massimiliano Granceri; Muhammad Saleem

doi:10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.59.3.2016.167.172

Muhammad Awais Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Afzal Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Massimiliano Granceri Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, 5 Boulevard Descartes, 77420 Champs-Sur-Marne, France
Muhammad Saleem Water & Resource & Environmental Engineering, Jubail University College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.59.3.2016.167.172

Keywords: urbanization, inflows, water quality, Rawal Lake, Korang River

Abstract

Two phenomena playing important role in affecting water resources all over the world are: urbanization and climate changes. Urban and peri-urban water bodies are very vulnerable to these phenomena in terms of quality and quantity protection. This study was aimed to perceive the impact of ever-increasing urbanization on water quality in the catchment area of Rawal Lake. Rawal Lake supplies water for domestic use to Rawalpindi city and Cantonment area. The water was found biologically unfit for human consumption due to total and faecal coliformus counts higher than WHO limits. Similarly, turbidity and calcium was more than WHO standards. There should be detailed study on climate change parallel to urbanization in the Rawal catchment to quantify its impacts on water quality and inflows.